2023-05-04T13:11:58.897187

2023-05-04T13:11:58.897189

Global

Annual

Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2019-259, in review, 2020. Accessed through Resource Watch, (date). [www.resourcewatch.org](https://www.resourcewatch.org).

Annual Surface Temperature Anomalies

Berkeley Earth

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en

This dataset shows the average annual surface air temperature anomaly from 1850 to present, compared to a 1951-1980 baseline time period. In other words, this dataset shows how much cooler or warmer each year is compared to the average surface air temperature from 1951-1980. This dataset is available at 1 degree (°) spatial resolution and covers increasing amounts of the Earth’s surface: approximately 57% in 1850, 75% in 1880, 95% in 1960, and 99.9% by 2015. The dataset is shown in degrees Celsius (°C).Surface air temperature is defined as the temperature of the air near the surface of the earth and is generally measured by weather stations. Surface air temperatures are influenced by solar radiation, weather, surface materials, topography, and climate. Surface air temperature anomalies are used to track the change in surface air temperature from a baseline, in this case a 30 year average temperature from 1951-1980. Short-term changes in surface air temperature can have an impact on plants, animals, and humans in those areas. Long-term changes in surface air temperature are used to measure climate change and global warming ([Berkeley Earth](https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2019-259/)). Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates. Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere ([NASA](https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change/)).This dataset was created by combining the Berkeley Earth [monthly land surface air temperature estimates](http://static.berkeleyearth.org/papers/Methods-GIGS-1-103.pdf) with the Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature 3 dataset ([HadSST3](https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/external/hadsst-4-global-sea-surface)). Berkeley Earth was founded in 2010 with the goal of addressing the major concerns of climate change skeptics regarding global warming and the land surface temperature record. Berkeley Earth uses this dataset to measure changes in global air surface temperature and climate change.

Annual average surface air temperature anomaly, compared to the 1951-1980 average

- Anomaly fields are highly smoothed due to the homogenization and reconstruction methods, despite being gridded at 1° spatial resolutionThe homogenization approach may not perform well in areas of rapid local temperature change, leading to overestimates of warming at coastal locations and underestimates at inland locations - The Berkeley Earth algorithm may not detect the seasonally varying biases in temperature readings prior to the introduction of Stevenson screens in the mid-19th century

Creative Commons 4.0

geospatialhistoricalglobalrastertemperaturesea_surface_temperature

Adding to MapBuilder

http://berkeleyearth.org/

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